![]() ![]() However, this aspect will not be discussed any further here. The general purpose of this exchange is the strengthening of their combined power towards a common enemy. In other words, this research of the historical sources will provide a solid foundation for the archaeological analysis of the construction and design of ships, as well as providing an understanding of the inter-European network of knowledge exchange created by conflict.ĦThe exchange of knowledge between allies, government to government, is indeed worth mentioning in terms of technology diffusion. However, the origin of the methods and techniques are less evident unless one knows what to look for. 18th century shipwrecks, of which there are plenty, are concrete evidence of the technology used in shipbuilding at the time and the international relations between European navies. Other than finding evidence in the written sources of technology being transferred between nations, it is present in the archaeological record, although less explicit. These shapes and forms are presented in the following.ĥBefore proceeding to the means and methods of exchange of technology, it might be worth pointing out where these historical studies fit into a maritime archaeological conference paper and subsequent article. ![]() Thus, the scene was set for international technology exchange in all its shapes and forms. Being on the top of one’s game and producing state of the art naval equipment meant being innovative in the ways of gathering methods and techniques, rather than inventing the wheel all over again. Naval shipyards being at the forefront of technological advancement, these were the hubs for innovation and the centres where technological knowledge was imported and, less willingly, exported.ĤLargely based on trial and error, 18th century naval shipbuilding was a risky business: all the more reason to copy vessels that were doing well, regardless of their nationality. It contains the initial thoughts and budding ideas in a process that will conclude in the autumn of 2021.ģThe unstable political situation between European countries in the 18th century created an arms race that led to a significant flow of innovations. ![]() This article will address the means of technological transfer between 18th century European shipyards and emphasise why this is important to historians and archaeologists alike.ĢThis article reflects the very early stages of a PhD project in naval history to be presented to the University of Portsmouth. Technology travels wherever people take it or send it, and it does not care about national borders. When it comes to technology, there is no such thing as nationality. In terms of shipbuilding technology, however, the process of designing and constructing the technologically advanced naval vessel produced for the nation was in turn less national. Then, naval vessels were not only made for fighting, they were meant for showing off, exhibiting the power of the country and especially its king. This is true now, and it was certainly true in 18th century Europe. It is made to fight for its government and its people, and it is paid for by the state. It is there to defend and protect the national territories. The special maritime and territorial jurisdiction provision was added in view of definitive section 7 of this title.1A navy is the very symbol of a nation. Said section 567 was not included in section 2031 of this title since the rewritten punishment provision for rape removes the necessity for a qualified verdict. This change conforms to a uniform policy of omitting the minimum punishment. The punishment for second degree murder was changed and the phrase “for any term of years or for life” was substituted for the words “not less than ten years and may be imprisoned for life”. The provision of said section 454 for the death penalty for first degree murder was consolidated with section 567 of said title 18, by adding the words “unless the jury qualifies its verdict by adding thereto ‘without capital punishment’ in which event he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life”. Section consolidates the punishment provision of sections 454 and 567 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with section 452 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. ![]()
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